Chanakya, one of the earliest known political thinkers, economists and king-makers, was born in Pataliputra, Magadh (modern Bihar). He later moved to Taxila, in Gandhar province(now in Pakistan).
He was the man to envision the first Indian empire by unification of the then numerous kingdoms in the Indian sub-continent and provide the impetus for fights against the Greek conqueror Alexander.
He compiled his political ideas into the 'Arthashastra', one of the world's earliest treatises on political thought and social order. His ideas remain popular to this day in India. In Jawaharlal Nehru's Discovery of India, Chanakya has been called the Indian Machiavelli.
Below are some of the Chanakya’s Niti:
A good wife is one who serves her husband in the morning like a mother does, loves him in the day like a sister does and pleases him like a prostitute in the night.
A man is born alone and dies alone; and he experiences the good and bad consequences of his karma alone; and he goes alone to hell or the Supreme abode.
A man is great by deeds, not by birth.
A person should not be too honest. Straight trees are cut first and honest people are screwed first.
As a single withered tree, if set aflame, causes a whole forest to burn, so does a rascal son destroy a whole family.
As long as your body is healthy and under control and death is distant, try to save your soul; when death is imminent what can you do?
As soon as the fear approaches near, attack and destroy it.
Before you start some work, always ask yourself three questions - Why am I doing it, What the results might be and Will I be successful. Only when you think deeply and find satisfactory answers to these questions, go ahead.
Books are as useful to a stupid person as a mirror is useful to a blind person.
Do not be very upright in your dealings for you would see by going to the forest that straight trees are cut down while crooked ones are left standing.
Do not reveal what you have thought upon doing, but by wise council keep it secret being determined to carry it into execution.
Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.
Even if a snake is not poisonous, it should pretend to be venomous.
God is not present in idols. Your feelings are your god. The soul is your temple.
He who is overly attached to his family members experiences fear and sorrow, for the root of all grief is attachment. Thus one should discard attachment to be happy.
He who lives in our mind is near though he may actually be far away; but he who is not in our heart is far though he may really be nearby.
If one has a good disposition, what other virtue is needed? If a man has fame, what is the value of other ornamentation?
It is better to die than to preserve this life by incurring disgrace. The loss of life causes but a moment's grief, but disgrace brings grief every day of one's life.
Never make friends with people who are above or below you in status. Such friendships will never give you any happiness.
O wise man! Give your wealth only to the worthy and never to others. The water of the sea received by the clouds is always sweet.
A man is born alone and dies alone; and he experiences the good and bad consequences of his karma alone; and he goes alone to hell or the Supreme abode.
A man is great by deeds, not by birth.
A person should not be too honest. Straight trees are cut first and honest people are screwed first.
As a single withered tree, if set aflame, causes a whole forest to burn, so does a rascal son destroy a whole family.
As long as your body is healthy and under control and death is distant, try to save your soul; when death is imminent what can you do?
As soon as the fear approaches near, attack and destroy it.
Before you start some work, always ask yourself three questions - Why am I doing it, What the results might be and Will I be successful. Only when you think deeply and find satisfactory answers to these questions, go ahead.
Books are as useful to a stupid person as a mirror is useful to a blind person.
Do not be very upright in your dealings for you would see by going to the forest that straight trees are cut down while crooked ones are left standing.
Do not reveal what you have thought upon doing, but by wise council keep it secret being determined to carry it into execution.
Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.
Even if a snake is not poisonous, it should pretend to be venomous.
God is not present in idols. Your feelings are your god. The soul is your temple.
He who is overly attached to his family members experiences fear and sorrow, for the root of all grief is attachment. Thus one should discard attachment to be happy.
He who lives in our mind is near though he may actually be far away; but he who is not in our heart is far though he may really be nearby.
If one has a good disposition, what other virtue is needed? If a man has fame, what is the value of other ornamentation?
It is better to die than to preserve this life by incurring disgrace. The loss of life causes but a moment's grief, but disgrace brings grief every day of one's life.
Never make friends with people who are above or below you in status. Such friendships will never give you any happiness.
O wise man! Give your wealth only to the worthy and never to others. The water of the sea received by the clouds is always sweet.
Once you start a working on something, don't be afraid of failure and don't abandon it. People who work sincerely are the happiest.
One whose knowledge is confined to books and whose wealth is in the possession of others, can use neither his knowledge nor wealth when the need for them arises.
Purity of speech, of the mind, of the senses, and of a compassionate heart are needed by one who desires to rise to the divine platform.
Test a servant while in the discharge of his duty, a relative in difficulty, a friend in adversity, and a wife in misfortune.
The biggest guru-mantra is: never share your secrets with anybody. It will destroy you.
The earth is supported by the power of truth; it is the power of truth that makes the sun shine and the winds blow; indeed all things rest upon truth.
The fragrance of flowers spreads only in the direction of the wind. But the goodness of a person spreads in all direction.
The happiness and peace attained by those satisfied by the nectar of spiritual tranquillity is not attained by greedy persons restlessly moving here and there.
The life of an uneducated man is as useless as the tail of a dog which neither covers its rear end, nor protects it from the bites of insects.
The one excellent thing that can be learned from a lion is that whatever a man intends doing should be done by him with a whole-hearted and strenuous effort.
The serpent, the king, the tiger, the stinging wasp, the small child, the dog owned by other people, and the fool: these seven ought not to be awakened from sleep.
The wise man should restrain his senses like the crane and accomplish his purpose with due knowledge of his place, time and ability.
The world's biggest power is the youth and beauty of a woman.
There is no austerity equal to a balanced mind, and there is no happiness equal to contentment; there is no disease like covetousness, and no virtue like mercy.
There is poison in the fang of the serpent, in the mouth of the fly and in the sting of a scorpion; but the wicked man is saturated with it.
There is some self-interest behind every friendship. There is no friendship without self-interests. This is a bitter truth.
Treat your kid like a darling for the first five years. For the next five years, scold them. By the time they turn sixteen, treat them like a friend. Your grown up children are your best friends.
We should not fret for what is past, nor should we be anxious about the future; men of discernment deal only with the present moment.
One whose knowledge is confined to books and whose wealth is in the possession of others, can use neither his knowledge nor wealth when the need for them arises.
Purity of speech, of the mind, of the senses, and of a compassionate heart are needed by one who desires to rise to the divine platform.
Test a servant while in the discharge of his duty, a relative in difficulty, a friend in adversity, and a wife in misfortune.
The biggest guru-mantra is: never share your secrets with anybody. It will destroy you.
The earth is supported by the power of truth; it is the power of truth that makes the sun shine and the winds blow; indeed all things rest upon truth.
The fragrance of flowers spreads only in the direction of the wind. But the goodness of a person spreads in all direction.
The happiness and peace attained by those satisfied by the nectar of spiritual tranquillity is not attained by greedy persons restlessly moving here and there.
The life of an uneducated man is as useless as the tail of a dog which neither covers its rear end, nor protects it from the bites of insects.
The one excellent thing that can be learned from a lion is that whatever a man intends doing should be done by him with a whole-hearted and strenuous effort.
The serpent, the king, the tiger, the stinging wasp, the small child, the dog owned by other people, and the fool: these seven ought not to be awakened from sleep.
The wise man should restrain his senses like the crane and accomplish his purpose with due knowledge of his place, time and ability.
The world's biggest power is the youth and beauty of a woman.
There is no austerity equal to a balanced mind, and there is no happiness equal to contentment; there is no disease like covetousness, and no virtue like mercy.
There is poison in the fang of the serpent, in the mouth of the fly and in the sting of a scorpion; but the wicked man is saturated with it.
There is some self-interest behind every friendship. There is no friendship without self-interests. This is a bitter truth.
Treat your kid like a darling for the first five years. For the next five years, scold them. By the time they turn sixteen, treat them like a friend. Your grown up children are your best friends.
We should not fret for what is past, nor should we be anxious about the future; men of discernment deal only with the present moment.
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